- Blood test to figure out any of following diseases: syphilis, AIDS, and hepatitis.
- Biochemical blood test. To count erythrocytes (red cells) and hemoglobin quantity. Later this information will be used to prevent anemia.
- Sugar level in the blood and in the urine.
- Rhesus factor and blood group test.
- Uterine neck test and urination channel (external part) test. These procedures are to exclude sexual infection.
- Some smear will be taken from nose and from throat. This examination is carrying out to find any pathogenic staphylococcus (usually 2 times).
- Urine examination each time you visit the clinic.
- Excrement basic examination (to find intestinal worm) one time during pregnancy.
After reception of all laboratory examination results, pregnant woman will be directed to following specialists:
- Physician (therapeutist). Additional electrocardiogram.
- Oculist (eyes examination, condition of the eyes).
- Dentist (it is better fix teeth problem before pregnancy)
- Neuropathology specialist.
- Otolaryngology specialist.
Obstetrics analysis allows to count the pregnancy period, approximate fetus weight, the position of fetus in the womb, and to expose hydramnion and polycarpous pregnancy.
Usual tape measure is the tool to measure belly circle at belly-button level, and obstetrics caliper used to measure pelvis dimensions.
More accurate data about fetus provides ultrasonic examination.
From 28th week the position of fetus on the womb became very essential for prospective birth. Doctor will detect the fetus position each time you visit the clinic since this period.
There are certain expressions that doctors used to explain the fetus position.
Fetus location: this is the quotient of fetus axes to womb axes. The normal location of fetus is longitudinal position. Unlikely locations of fetus in the womb are diametrical and slantwise. Natural childbirth in these cases is not possible, only via cesarean section.
Fetus position: this is quotient of fetus spine to left (first position) or right (second position) sides of womb.
Previous part of fetus: it is the part of fetus that first goes into the womb in the first part of pregnancy, or into vagina in the second period of pregnancy. Physiologically it is the head part, and in most cases it is back part of the head (sometimes it could be facial part or forehead)
Pelvic presentation: (breech presentation or foot presentation) in modern obstetrics as a rule it is deviation (deflection) from standard pregnancy, and basically it leads to caesarean operation.
Componential position of fetus: it is positions of upper and lower extremities to body and head. Basically it looks like curve or arc form, and sometimes observed other situations when fetus extends legs along the body or unusual position of the head.
So called unstable position observed when the fetus has small size and it is moving in the womb. As fetus grow up, he (she) takes certain position, and it is very essential for the doctor to know for birth execution.
Fetus heartbeat auscultation: stethoscope is a special obstetrical tool to do this. There are 3 main characteristics for fetus heartbeat: frequency, rhythm and clarity (clearness). Normally it should be about 120 to 160 rhythmic heartbeats per minute.
Pelvis dimensions measuring
Pelvis dimensions also plays huge role for childbirth prediction and tactics. As we mentioned before, there is special tool to measure the pelvis.
Three main dimensions of pelvis are:
- The spacing between most separate points of pelvis iliac bones – it should be 26 cm.
- The spacing between most separate points of pelvis iliac bones cristae part – it should be 28 cm.
- The spacing between thigh-bone skewer parts should be not less than 30 cm.
- And distance between 5th spine vertebra and upper side of pubic bone should be about 20 cm or little bit more.
When pregnant woman first time visit the doctor, the mandatory measurement is the pelvis dimensions. In some cases additional measurement of pelvis might be at childbirth time.
